This is his first soil test and even my untrained eye sees obvious areas of improvement
I have seen far, far, far worse. This one isn't that tough. The toughest thing is doing the nutrient level conversions from 6" to 4" (arrgh!).
The soil has a TEC of 9+, and the OM% is 3.62 -- that makes a Loam soil with a mediocre OM number. Teach your friend about the many paths there are to boost OM (some are free!). For a first test though, overall it's a good base to work from.
In the cations, Calcium and Potassium are short. Since Phosphorus is very high, the solution is twofold: (1) apply a good calcitic lime (NOT dolomitic!) like Encap/Mag-I-Cal/SoluCal at 9 lbs/K every 90 days, and (2) get and apply Sulfate of Potash (0-0-50, "SOP") monthly at 2 lbs/K. Try not to apply the SOP within a couple of weeks of the Calcitic Lime app. Also, don't apply the SOP after October. Finding SOP is a bit of a task, but there are several places to get it in CT.
The cations line up to deliver a pH of 6.1, which is low but not terrible. The Calcitic Lime and Potassium will fix that over time, but your friend will need to retest yearly to make sure we don't overshoot on the pH.
The Iron number is very good, and the Iron is available at your pH level.
In the micro's, only Boron is short. That can wait if he'd like, or we can address it now - let me know...
See? Not so tough.
